［誤］ In my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time.

 

　�。壅�］ On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time.

 

　�。畚觯葑g文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光“在……的路上”應(yīng)用on one‘s way…。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way.

 

　�。壅`］ Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into.

 

　　［正］ Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in.

 

　　［正］ Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office.

 

　�。畚觯� in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。

 

　　［誤］ I’ll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.

 

　�。壅�］ I’ll leave Beijing for Shanghai.

 

　�。壅�］ I’ll leave for Shanghai.

 

　　［析］ leave for 是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for， sail for.

 

　�。壅`］ I’m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.

 

　�。壅�］ I’m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.

 

　�。畚觯� get in， 與 get out是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而get out為下車，但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We’d better get in. 或We’d better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：get on／off（a train， a ship， a struck） get into／out of （a car， taxi…）

 

　　［誤］ Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.

 

　�。壅�］ Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.

 

　�。畚觯� over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.

 

　�。壅`］ There is an old stone bridge above the river.

 

　�。壅�］ There is an old stone bridge over the river.

 

　　［析］ over還有一意為“跨越，橫跨”。

 

　�。壅`］ The Dead Sea is under the sea level.

 

　　［正］ The Dead Sea is below the sea level.

 

　�。畚觯菰诖怪毕路揭�用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。

 

　�。壅`］ There is a big tree in the front of the house.

 

　�。壅�］ There is a big tree in front of the house.

 

　　［析］ in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.

 

　�。壅`］ It took them two days to walk across the forest.

 

　�。壅�］ It took them two days to walk through the forest.

 

　�。畚觯� across 作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思：① 橫過(guò)，如：I want to walk across the street.② 對(duì)面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.

 

　　［誤］ The sun sets toward the west.

 

　�。壅�］ The sun sets in the west.

 

　　［析］ towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward（s） the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 時(shí)，其前面要用in.要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.

 

　�。壅`］ Do you have no other clothes except those？

 

　　［正］ Do you have no other clothes besides those？

 

　　［析］ beside 是“在……旁邊”，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是“除……之外，不僅……而且……，除了……以外還有……”，如：I studied English besides French， when I was in college. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。

 

　�。壅`］ Can I write the exam paper with ink？

 

　�。壅�］ Can I write the exam paper with a pen？

 

　�。壅�］ Can I write the exam paper in ink？

 

　�。畚觯� with后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in.

 

　�。壅`］ I’m earlier today. I came here by his car.

 

　�。壅�］ I’m earlier today. I came here in his car.

 

　�。畚觯菰诮煌üぞ咔凹咏樵~by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi

 

　　by train=in a train

 

　　by bicycle=on a bicycle

 

　　by ship=on a ship

 

　　by boat=in a boat

 

　　by bus=on a bus

 

　　by plane=on a plane

 

　　by air 空運(yùn)

 

　　by land 陸運(yùn)

 

　　by sea 海運(yùn)

 

　　on foot on horseback

 

　　by phone by letter by radio

 

　　by air mail by hand

 

　�。壅`］ A lot of French wines are made of grape.

 

　　［正］ A lot of French wines are made from grape.

 

　�。畚觯� made of 是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood.

 

　�。壅`］ This is a good dictionary in English grammar.

 

　　［正］ This is a good dictionary on English grammar.

 

　�。畚觯蓐P(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書(shū)，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識(shí)。

 

　�。壅`］ Do you have the key of the door.

 

　�。壅�］ Do you have the key to the door.

 

　　［析］ key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question， entrance to the highway， danger to health.千萬(wàn)不要用of.

 

　　［誤］ Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.

 

　�。壅�］ Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.

 

　　［析］ have interest in是在某方面有興趣。

 

　�。壅`］ I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry to me.

 

　�。壅�］ I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry with me.

 

　�。畚觯� be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.

 

　�。壅`］ He was good for skating.

 

　�。壅�］ He was good at skating.

 

　�。畚觯� be good at 為“擅長(zhǎng)某事”，而be good for somebody為對(duì)某人很好。

 

　�。壅`］ It was good to you to help my little boy.

 

　�。壅�］ It was good of you to help my little boy.

 

　　［析］ 這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.

 

　�。壅`］ My parents were very pleased at me.

 

　�。壅�］ My parents were very pleased with me.

 

　�。壅�］ My parents were very pleased at my studying.

 

　　［析］ be pleased with后加somebody， 而be pleased at后加something.

 

　�。壅`］ He is agree with me.

 

　�。壅�］ He agrees with me.

 

　�。壅`］ He againsts me.

 

　　［正］ He is against me.

 

　�。畚觯萃�意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。

 

　�。壅`］ I haven’t heard letters from him.

 

　�。壅�］ I haven’t heard from him.

 

　�。畚觯� hear from 即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。

 

　　［誤］ Teacher. May I call at you this weekend？

 

　�。壅�］ Teacher. May I call on you this weekend？

 

　�。畚觯� 作為“拜訪”講call at其后接地點(diǎn)，如：May I call at your home this weekend？而call on其后接人。

 

　�。壅`］ Do you know the girl on white？

 

　　［正］ Do you know the girl in white？

 

　�。畚觯� in white為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：in bed（睡覺(jué)），in hospital（住院），in a hurry（匆匆忙忙），in danger（危險(xiǎn)中），in joy （高興），in good health（身體好），in love（戀愛(ài)），in trouble（困境），與之相反的是out of ，如：out of trouble （擺脫困境），out of date（過(guò)時(shí)了）， out of order（出故障）

 

　　［誤］ He looked at me at surprise.

 

　�。壅�］ He looked at me in surprise.

 

　　［析］ surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首，To one’s surprise， 如：To my surprise he succeeded. ② be surprised at， 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.

 

　　［誤］ She didn’t come to school because of she was ill.

 

　　［正］ She didn’t come to school because she was ill.

 

　�。畚觯� because of 后接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.