01

考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

引導(dǎo)詞主要有以下三種情況：

第一，賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語(yǔ)中可以省略。如：

We believe (that) he is honest.

第二，如果賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來的，那么它的引導(dǎo)詞就用if或whether。在一般情況下，這兩個(gè)詞可以通用。但是，如果從句中有or not或者從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們只能用whether。如:

I don't know if/whether she will come here.

Sorry, I don't know whether he will come or not.

第三種情況，賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問句的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)詞就用特殊疑問詞，如：

Could you tell me where the post office is?

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.

02

考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

GRADUATION SEASON

英語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，主要是由主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定的，一般分為以下三種情況：

第一，主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或者是祈使句的時(shí)候，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況，選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。如:

He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.

第二，如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)也要用過去相應(yīng)的某一時(shí)態(tài)，如:

She said she missed us very much.

第三，如果從句表示的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或者是普遍真理的時(shí)候，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：

He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.

03

考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

GRADUATION SEASON

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問題，要注意以下兩個(gè)方面：

1、在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問句的時(shí)候，要使用陳述語(yǔ)句，我們一起看下面的例句：

I want to know when the train left.

我想知道火車是什么時(shí)候離開的。

注意：

1).有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：

What's wrong with...?

Which is the way to...?

What happened to you...?

What's the matter/trouble...?

Who studies the hardest in your class?

2).do you think 后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),特殊疑問詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think 作為插入語(yǔ)。如：

Who do you think he is talking with?

Which do you think is the most important invention?

2、在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，如果是will, be, have, can組成的疑問句，在變賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，要把這些詞還原，同時(shí)要根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)，做相應(yīng)的變化。

"Will you be free tomorrow?" she asked me?

→She asked me if/whether I would be free tomorrow.

如果是由do, does, did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在變成賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，要去掉這些詞，并且從句的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)變化，如:

"Does he speak English well?" Mary asked me.

→Mary asked me if/whether he spoke English well.

04

考查賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移

賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移，要滿足兩個(gè)條件：一個(gè)是主句的主語(yǔ)是I或者是we;第二個(gè)條件是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等，從句中的否定，要移到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，看下面的例句：

I don't suppose he will come.

注意：如果主句主語(yǔ)不是I 或者we，則not不前移。如：

She thinks she can't arrive there on time.

05

考查賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化

賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化有下面四種情況。

1、從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同，而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope, wish, decide等的時(shí)候，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu);如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, remember ,forget, learn等的時(shí)候，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為疑問詞加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，如：

We hope that we can see you again.

→We hope to see you again.

I don't know what I should say.

→I don't know what to say.

2、當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ask, tell, show, teach等的時(shí)候，并且從句主語(yǔ)和主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致，從句也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)或者是疑問詞加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。大家看下面例句：

1).Jim tells us that we should draw on the wall.

→Jim tells us not to draw on the wall.

2).Will you please tell me where I can buy this book?

→Will tell me where to buy this book?

3、還有些賓語(yǔ)從句，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，經(jīng)常會(huì)用到的動(dòng)詞有find, think, make等，如：

I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.

=I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.

I find she is a good girl.

=I find her a good girl.

4、最后一點(diǎn)，由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句，來看例句：

We did what we could to help you.

=We did everything (that) we could to help you.

Robert saw what Mr. Smith did.

=Robert saw everything (that) Mr. Smith did.

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