過去將來時

1

含義

表示在過去某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用于賓語從句中。

would come

I didn't know if he.

我不知道他是否會來。

would become

They never knew that populationa big problem.

他們從來都不知道人口問題將會成為一個大問題。

would visit

Betty said shethe Great Wall next Saturday.

貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長城。

2

基本構(gòu)成

過去將來時的構(gòu)成和一般將來時的構(gòu)成一樣，只要把助動詞will，shall變成過去式即可，即“would/should+do”。其中should

肯定句：

主語+ would/should+動詞原形+其他.

否定句：

主語+ would/should not+動詞原形+其他.

一般疑問句：

Would/Should +主語+動詞原形+其他?

特殊疑問句：

疑問詞+ would/should+動詞原形+其他?

3

基本用法

1. 過去將來時表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。

wouldn't open

This door.

老是打不開

這扇門。

would play

Iwhen I was a child.

總是和他一起玩

當我還是孩童時，。

would accept

2.過去將來時還可用于間接引語及賓語從句中。I thought hethe invitation, but he refused it.我原以為他會接受邀請，但他拒絕了。He didn't expect that weallthere.他沒想到我們都在那里。

4

過去將來時的其他幾種結(jié)構(gòu)

過去將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)除了“would +動詞原形”，還有：was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were due to do, was/ were to do 等，他們含義相近，但也略有區(qū)別。

1.was/were going to do表示準備、計劃做某事，或?qū)⒁�發(fā)生某事。如：

was going to leave

Hewhen you arrived.你到達時他正準備離開。Helast night, but it rained.他本打算昨晚來的，但是下雨了。I thought therea storm soon.我想將有一場暴風雨來臨。

was about to leave

2. was/wereabout to do表示“正要，即將”。如：Shewhen a car drove up.她正要離開時一輛車開了過來。We all felt that our luck.我們都認為快要轉(zhuǎn)運了。Hethe race. Suddenly he stumbled and fell.他就要贏得賽跑比賽時，突然腳下一絆摔倒了。

was due to graduate

3. was/were due to do表示“定于(某時做某事)”。如：Hein July.他將于七月份畢業(yè)。The shipat mid-night.這艘船定于午夜啟航。The conferencefive days.會議將持續(xù)五天。

4.was/were to do表示曾計劃做某事，如果計劃的事情沒有實現(xiàn)，要用不定式完成時。如：

was to

He said hetake up the position.

他說他要承擔這個職務。

was to

He said hethe position, but later he changed his mind.

他說他本打算承擔這個職務的，但是后來改變了主意。

拓展：

was/were to do 有時表示“后來，結(jié)果，注定”的含義，并非單純地指過去的將來。如：

was to

At that time he did not know that quitting the jobbecome the turning point in his life.

那時候他還不知道，辭去這份工作成了他生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點。

5. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬時動詞動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。如：

was leaving

He said the trainat six the next morning.

他說火車將于第二天早晨六點離開。

was coming

She told me sheto see me.

她告訴我她要來看我。

5

典型錯誤例析

1. 我們不知道他是否要在會上發(fā)言。

誤：

We didn't know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：

We didn't know whether heat the meeting.

析：該句主句為過去時，且賓語從句表示從過去某個時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作，所以從句要用過去將來時態(tài)。

2. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。

誤：

Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：

Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that shebuy some books.

析：過去將來時可以由“助動詞should/would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，但should只用于第一人稱，而would可用于各種人稱。

6

練習及答案

【典型考例】

1.(2020甘肅)When will Ms. Zhu leave? I didn't know.(改為含有賓語從句的復合句)

I didn't know Ms. Zhu leave.

答案：when; would

解析：賓語從句以疑問詞when開頭;主句用一般過去時，主過從必過，從句用過去將來時，will改為would。

2.(2019江蘇無錫)— Uncle Sam said he my birthday party, but he never showed up.

— That's Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!

A. will attend

B. would attend

C. has attended

D. had attended

答案：B

解析：因為主句謂語動詞為一般過去時said，所以，賓語從句表示的是過去將要發(fā)生的動作，因此從句的謂語動詞使用過去將來時，即“would+動詞原形或was/were going to +動詞原形”，所以，正確答案為B。句意是：—山姆叔叔說，他要來參加我的生日聚會，可是他卻沒有露面。—山姆叔叔就是那樣的。他忘記啦!

3.(2019河南)Jerry didn't pay me back, but he promised that he this Sunday.

A. must

B. could

C. would

D. should

答案：C

解析：根據(jù)前半句中“didn't pay”及后半句主句中的“promised”，可知此處應使用過去的某種時態(tài);再根據(jù)“this Sunday”可知，此處是從過去看將來要發(fā)生的動作，故要用過去將來時態(tài)，即“should/would +動詞原形”。此處主語he是第三人稱，故助動詞只能用would，所以正確答案是C。句意：杰瑞沒有還我錢，但他答應這個星期天會還我的。

【強化練習】

用所給動詞的正確形式填空

1. Miss Zhang said she (visit) the Great Wall next summer.

2. She told him that she (not stay) here for long.

3. She said the bus (leave) at five the next morning.

4. I wasn't sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning.

5. He was fifty-six. In two years he (be) fifty-eight.

6. Whenever she had time, she (help) them in their work.

【答案】

1. would visit

2. would not stay

3. was leaving

4. would lend

5. would be

6. would help

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