來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-26 19:54:17
01
定語(yǔ)從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。連接主句和從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞 / 關(guān)系副詞)+ 從句剩余部分。
02
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等;關(guān)系副詞包括 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
03
關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.關(guān)系代詞的作用
(1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,連接主從句
(2)代替先行詞
(3)在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的成分
2.關(guān)系代詞的選擇
定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的選擇由先行詞和關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞譀Q定。
The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.
(代替 the girl,作從句的主語(yǔ),不可省略)
The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.
(代替 the girl,作從句的賓語(yǔ),可省略)
I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.
(whose 作 hair 的定語(yǔ),不可省略)
3.必須用 that 的情況
(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用 that。
例如:
Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.
(2)被修飾的先行詞為 all, any, much, many, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí),只能用 that。
(3)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, little 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用 that。
例如:
This is the only thing that was left to son.
(4)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用 that.
例如:
The man and the dog that I met yesterday were hit by a car.
(5)以 who 或 which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用 that。
例如:
Who is the boy that is standing under tree?
注意:
(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞且放在句末 who, that, which 可省略;但介詞在關(guān)系詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞 +which/whom 結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
This is the factory in which my father works.
He is the man from whom I borrowed bike.
(2)在含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,此介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。
例如:
This is the book which you are looking for.
(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放在它前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。
例如:
The house in that she lives is very big. (錯(cuò)誤)
The house that she lives in is very big. (正確)
04
關(guān)系副詞的用法
在定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系副詞常作狀語(yǔ)。
(1)when 指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
例如:
Do you know the time when he goes home?
(2)where 指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
例如:
This is the place where they will travel.
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he didn't come to school this morning.
05
定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致
在定語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與先行詞保持一致。若先行詞是可名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若先行詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例如:
Eric is a student who likes to play basketball in our class.
There are many students who like to play basketball in our class.
06
真題演練
1. Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _____developed mostof his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which
B. what
C. who
2.Mr. Brown is a teacher_____is strict with all his students.
A. which
B. who
C. where
3.The book_____I read last night was fantastic.
A. that
B. what
C. whose
D. who
4. China is getting better at making hi-tech products_____canbe bought in all parts of the world.
A. who
B. which
C. what
參考答案:
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.B
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